Extrinsic Job Satisfaction Associated with CD4 Lymphocyte Counts Greater Than 500 Cells in People Living with HIV
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objective: To estimate the level of extrinsic job satisfaction and its association with CD4 T-lymphocyte counts in people living with HIV receiving care in Guerrero. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 333 beneficiaries attending the HIV clinic of the Vicente Guerrero Regional General Hospital between February and July 2025. Quadratic discriminant analysis was applied to evaluate the association between extrinsic job satisfaction and CD4 counts. Results: A total of 333 people living with HIV were included. Overall, 37.8% had CD4 counts >500 cells/mm³ and 93% had an undetectable viral load. In the global assessment of extrinsic job satisfaction, 225 participants were classified as satisfied. Quadratic discriminant analysis showed a statistically significant association between extrinsic job satisfaction and CD4 counts >500 cells/mm³ (p<0.05). Conclusion: An association was observed between extrinsic job satisfaction and CD4 T-lymphocyte counts >500 cells/mm³ in the study population. These findings suggest that working conditions may be associated with immunological indicators in people living with HIV, supporting the need for longitudinal studies to evaluate the direction and magnitude of this association.
Downloads
Article Details
Issue
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Álvarez Velázquez, E., Vargas Hernández, A. N., & Martínez Sánchez, C. E. (2023). Job satisfaction measurement scale. HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional De Humanidades, 17(3), 1–11.
López Saldaña C del P, Peña Cárdenas MC, Chávez Macías AG. Satisfacción laboral: factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos del trabajador. Vinculatégica.2021;7(2):1142–1152.
Romero-Valdovinos M, Vázquez-Campuzano R, Hirota C, et al. Cuantificación de linfocitos T CD4+ y de RNA viral en pacientes con VIH/SIDA. Gac Med Mex. 2001;137(5):501–4.
Amauri Lázaro Noda Albelo,I Dr. Lázaro Arturo Vidal Tallet,I Dr. Jorge Ernesto Pérez Lastre,II Dr. Roberto Cañete VillafrancaIII. Clinical interpretation of the CD4 positive T lymphocytes count in HIV infection. Revista Cubana de
Medicina. 2013;52(2):118-127.
Karaferis D, Aletras V, Niakas D. Determining dimensions of job satisfaction in healthcare using factor analysis. BMC Psychol. 2022;10(1):240.
Nakata A, Irie M, Takahashi M. A single-item global job satisfaction measure is associated with quantitative blood immune indices in white-collar employees. Ind Health. 2013;51(2):193–201.
Ferraz Pamplona L, Romano Rennó Costa G, e Silva BM, De Araújo Pinto G, Souza de Faria R, Oliveira Cortez PJ. Factors associated to the control of viral load in HIV positive patients. Arch Med (Manizales). 2020;21(1).
Zhang C, Liu Q, Wang Y, Shen Y, Liu H, Wang Y, et al. CD4+ T Cell Count, Sleep, Depression, and Anxiety in People Living With HIV: A Growth Curve Mixture Modeling. AIDS Behav. 2019;23(9):2543–55.
Borker PV, Macatangay BJ, Margolick JB, Punjabi NM, Rinaldo CR, Stosor V, Hyong-Jin Cho J, McKay H, Patel SR. Shorter total sleep time is associated with lower CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios in virally suppressed men with HIV. Sleep Adv. 2024;5(1):zpae001.
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Escala General de Satisfacción Laboral. [En línea]. Disponible en: http://www.imss.gob.mx/sites/all/statics/salud/estreslaboral/TestSatisfaccion-Laboral.pdf
Nogueira LFR, Marqueze EC. Trabalho noturno e sintomas de fadiga estão associados aos indicadores de monitoramento clínico de trabalhadores vivendo com HIV. Rev Bras Med Trab.2020;18(3):193–200.
Agus DF, Effendy E, Camellia V. Screening of Anxiety and Depression Related CD4 Count of People Living with HIV/AIDS with Anti-Retroviral in Medan, Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019 Aug 20;7(16):2590-2594.
Effendy E, Amin MM, de Vega L, Utami N. The association between CD-4 level, stress and depression symptoms among people living with HIV/AIDS. Open Access Maced J Med Sci [Internet]. 2019;7(20):3459–63. Disponible en:
Twinomugisha B, Ottemöller FG, Daniel M. Exploring HIV related stigma and discrimination at the workplace in southwestern Uganda: challenges and solutions. Adv Public Health. 2020;2020:8833166.
Ocampo JM. Reducing workplace stigma on HIV. Do Better ESADE. [Internet]. Disponible en: https://dobetter.esade.edu/en/HIV-stigma
Schmid M, Ledermann U, Bürgisser P, Bucher HC, Furrer H, Calmy A, et al. Ability to work and employment rates in HIV-1 infected individuals receiving cART: The Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Open Fórum Infect Dis. 2016;3(1):ofw022.
Ramlagan S, Matseke G, Rodriguez VJ, Jones DL, Ruiter RAC, Sifunda S, et al. Relationship between CD4 count, viral load, and quality of life in HIV infected patients on HAART attending a primary healthcare setting in South Africa. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2021;15(2):73–81.
Marimuthu P, Boppana LKB, Veerakumar AM, Hlongwana KW. Comparison of the health related quality of life, CD4 count and viral load among adults living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy: A cross sectional study in South Africa. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17(1):614.
Maulsby CH, Ratnayake A, Hesson D, Mugavero MJ, Latkin CA. A scoping review of employment and HIV. AIDS Behav [Internet]. 2020;24(10):2942–55. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-02845-x
Jakubowski A, Snyman K, Kwarisiima D, Sang N, Burger R, Balzer L, et al. (2018) High CD4 counts associated with better economic outcomes for HIV-positive adults and their HIV-negative household members in the SEARCH Trial. PLoS ONE13(6): e0198912.
Jia S, Yu B, Feng C, Yan H, Xu P, Yang S. Occupational burnout, flourishing and job satisfaction among HIV/AIDS healthcare workers in western China: a network analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23:560.
Macias-Moreira ME, Zambrano-Cedeño LA, Gómez-Bravo NV. El ambiente de trabajo y su influencia en la satisfacción laboral como prevención del estrés en los empleados. Dominio de las Ciencias. 2021 Dec 13;7(4):586–601.
Aikins M, Amon S, Agyemang SA, Akweongo P, Wyss K. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors of frontline health workers in Ghana. F1000Res [Internet]. 2023;12:396.
Shuck B, Hart JL, Walker KL, Rai J, Srivastava S, Srivastava S, et al. Workplace culture and biomarkers of health risk. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(19):11920.